Strategic Management Issues in Low Cost Airlines - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 13 Words: 3966 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Low cost airlines have been a trend nowadays anywhere in the world. There are many airlines that have adopted this strategy and have become more successful because of this. The low cost airlines have the advantage over the premium airlines due to the fact that they will never get their costs to a point where they can make a profit at low fares in bigger markets. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Strategic Management Issues in Low Cost Airlines" essay for you Create order Among these low cost airlines that are in existence nowadays is Ryan air. The Irish airline company Ryan air is the first low-cost, no-frills European airline to have any impact. Ryan air started operations in July 1985, flying between Waterford in the southeast of Ireland and Londons Gatwick airport. Three brothers, Catlan, Declan and Shane Ryan were the founding shareholders of Ryan air, which was set up to offer low-cost no-frills services between Ireland and London. Now, Ryan air, with its rapid growth occupied a most sought position in its own field, being Britains favourite airline. Ryan air currently has a team of more than 7,000 people and expects to carry approximately 73 million passengers in fiscal year 2010/11. 1.3 Current Strategic Positions: To evaluate any organisations strategic position certain factors have to be assessed. These include those below and also the environmental analysis which follows later in the report. 1.3.1 Market Segmentation: Ryan air lay claim to their market segment by stating they were Europes first no frills airline, www.ryanair.com. Ryanair have made strategic decisions based on increasing their competitive edge, the main one becoming involved in attracting customers at both ends of their routes. Haberberg and Rieple (2001), support this by showing that Ryanairs key source of revenue from as far back as a decade ago has been in enticing passengers from France, Italy and Scandinavia. This has had the advantage of increasing their market share as well as the added bonus of creating a well recognised brand name across Europe. 1.3.2 Prescriptive, Emergent or Something Unique? A prescriptive corporate strategy is one where the objective has been defined in advance and the main elements have been developed before the strategy commencesÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦.an emergent corporate strategy is one whose final objective is unclear and whose elements are developed during the course of its life, as the strategy proceeds. Lynch (2000) As is shown above by Lynch (2000) the two recognised strategy models are extremely different, however these are the two dominant strategy approaches as stated by Dennis Foster in his lecture on Managing Strategic Change (2006). It is safe to recognise straight away that Ryanair does not sit uniformly with either strategy. However certain aspects or functions could certainly adhere to one or the other as these are sections that make up the carrier as a whole and for an organisation of Ryanairs size different parts would have different aims and objectives underneath a main umbrella strategy for the organisation. Fo r example any planning undertaken by Ryanair for new routes or planes would follow the prescriptive model as the objective would have been defined beforehand and elements such as finance will have had to have been agreed before any purchasing goes ahead. On the other hand emergent strategies may be in place for things like training and development where elements can be discovered along the way for example if an issue arose where staff needed more health and safety training then the training programme could be redirected. Ryanair, as already stated, follows neither strategic approach religiously and possesses a strategy unique to their organisation, which has identified their needs and objectives. However their approach to strategic management isnt unique in itself as the majority of organisations will tailor strategies to suit their business own individuality. 1.3.3 Competitive Advantages: Their main competitors are carriers including Easy Jet, BMIbaby, Fly Be and Thomson Fly all of who try to attract potential customers by emphasising their low cost tickets. This makes the competition in this market segment fierce as in order to offer the lowest fares, costs must also be kept to a minimum. Ryanair continues to be the lowest cost airline in Europe. The firm manages to maintain its cost leadership despite the presence of other low cost airlines in Europe. The source of competitive advantage of the company is its ability to drive down costs to sustain low fares while at the same time remains profitable. This is done through: Fleet Commonality The airlines fleet is made up of Boeing 737, the most common aircraft being flown in the present. Because of fleet commonality the firm is able to cut on costs in obtaining spares and maintenance services. Contracting Out of Services Other than Dublin Airport where the firm maintains its staff and services, Ryanair contracts out aircraft handling, ticketing, baggage handling and other functions to third parties. The firm is able to obtain competitive rates and multi-year contracts at fixed prices, limiting exposure to cost increases. Third party service outsourcing also limits Ryanairs direct exposure to employee relations responsibilities and potential disputes. Airport Charges and Route Policy Airport charges include landing fees, passenger loading fees, aircraft parking fees and noise surcharges. In order to reduce these fees, the firm avoids congested main airports and chooses secondary and regional airport destinations which are very interested in increasing passenger throughput. Staff Costs and Productivity In order to control employee compensation costs, the firm implements a performance related pay structure. Although the company provides lower labor costs, the employees can earn additional pay or remuneration base on their performance. Marketing Costs In order to reduce marketing costs, the firm cut its rate commission to travel agents. The firms main advertisement tools are newspapers, radio, television and its company website. 2.0 External analysis: For success within the airline industry, an awareness of the external environment is essential. This section aims to highlight the position of the industry, in particular looking at competitors and assessing Ryans capability to meet current and future challenges. 2.1 PESTLE Analysis In Pestle analysis we investigate macro external factors for companies, which are very important for identify their strategies. There are 6-core elements of Pestle analysis. These are Political, Economical, Social, Technological, Legal and Environmental options. We can examine these factors in the airline industry to realize Ryanairs future external threats and opportunities. PESTEL Factor Key Points Implications for RYAN Political Heavy regulation (AEA, 2009). Compliance is essential if Ryan wants to continue operations. Increased security due to past terrorist threats (DFT, 2008). Sufficient security measures should be in place to ensure consumer confidence and competitive advantage is maintained. Economic Global economic crisis:World growth is projected to just over 2  percent in 2009 (IMF, 2008). Pound weakens especially against the Euro. Possible reduction in the amount of business travel as companies are cutting costs and using alternative means of communication such as teleconferencing. Oil prices: declined by 50 % since their peak retreating to 2007 levels. Decline in fuel price = strengthening of the dollar (IMF, 2008) Fluctuations in oil prices and exchange rates will directly affect Ryans cost base. UK consumer spending saw its sharpest decline for 13 years between July and September 2008 (Channel 4, 2008). More intense competition Social The UK has an aging population (see appendix 3) (National Statistics Online, 2008). Potential opportunity for growth as older generations havemore time to spend on leisure activities such as international travel. Increasing unemployment (Kollewe and Sager, 2008). Increased bargaining power as an employer. Technological A recent survey revealed that 34% of online consumers plan to use price-comparison sites more in 2009 (NMA, 2009). Increased consumer awareness and therefore bargaining power. Online booking services and check-in is becoming increasingly used by the airline industry. Ryan must ensure that they remain up to date with these technological advances whilst avoiding becoming overly reliant, as this may isolate certain consumer markets (i.e the elderly) who dont feel comfortable using such technology. Environmental/Ethical Noise pollution controls,and energy consumption controls (DFT, 2008). New legislation (e.g. Climate Change Bill) enforcing tighter environmental regulation may increase operational costs each year. Limited land and for growing airports Expansion is difficult at Heathrow as it would result in a loss in the Londons Green belt area. (BBC News 2006) Limited capacity=utilisation of capacity. Consumers are becoming increasingly green and more aware of the environmental impact of their actions. Failure to adopt an integrated environmental strategy could lead to a detrimental effect on the Ryans reputation and income. Cancellations of flights and loss of baggage (Channel 4, 2008). Such ethical issues could have a detrimental effect on reputation if left unresolved. Legal Recognition of trade unions and industrial action e.g. Cabin Crew strikes. Good employee relations are essential if Ryan wants to avoid industrial action and interrupted operations. Open Skies Agreement (AEA, 2009) Opportunity for Ryan and its competitors to freely transport aircraft between the EU and US. There is a cruel competition in airline industry. Especially, after credit crunch in 2008 the competition has become crueler. Companies have to fight with recession also and in this economic situation we can see lots of threats in sector. If you reverse these threats to the opportunities you will be one step further in the competition. Ryanair is the most suitable company to gain advantages from todays world. With this assignment we answered the questions, which frequently asking for their future strategy and their positions of the future competition. Thats why; they have started to corporate social responsibilities. 2.2 Porters Five Forces Before starting to write analysis of the Ryanair based on Porters five forces I should write some special information about Ryanair or all low cost airlines. The main characteristics of these companies are designed for reducing costs. Because it is obvious that the most competitive maybe just one- side of them is their low fares. For Ryanair, their aircrafts seat density is very high and they prefer just one aircraft types (Boeing 737-800). All of their bookings are via Internet so they earn huge amount of money because of no sales commissions. They havent got any frills such as free food or havent got any air-mile promotions. They always prefer secondary airports. Actually these all I mentioned above are had mentioned at their S.W.O.T. analysis in strengths part. In my opinion we can use every single detail from S.W.O.T. analysis of Ryanair when we are writing about Porters Five Forces analysis of it. This analysis has five-core element. These are 1. Bargaining Power of Suppliers 2. New Entrants 3. Threat of Substitutes 4. Competitive Rivalry 5. Bargaining Power of Customers Bargaining Power of Customers Ryanair customers are highly price sensitive. It is very easy to change their airline and it is not related to high cost. In this century customers knowledge about the cost of service is high and there is no customer loyalty for Ryanair. Even though there is no customer loyalty, bargaining power of customers is low. Ryanair is the cheapest airline for all Europe destinations and customers are -especially in recession times- highly price sensitive. New Entrants It is very hard to be new in airline industry. There are lots of barriers to entry. You should take the flight authorizations. The capital that you will invest in this sector is very high. It is also hard to take a place current competition and also hard to find suitable airports for your flights. In my opinion in short time period there will not be any threats of new entrants against Ryanair even though some existing companies are changing their strategy and reducing their ticket price (Lufthansa). Threat of Substitutes As I mentioned before there is not any brand loyalty of customers and Ryanair preferred customer relationship is not-close relationship. If their customers find better way to travel they will not feel any hesitation to chose it. So the threat of direct and indirect substitutes is very high and the most important point is there are no switching costs for the customers. Competitive Rivalry The market is highly competitive. Most of Ryanairs cost advantages can be copied immediately. In Europe it seems like there is an agreement between Ryanair and Easyjet about not to compete head to head. However if any company does decide to compete on the same basis as Ryanair it will be highly crucial for Ryanair. There will be heavy pressure on prices, margins, and hence on profitability. 2.3 Bowmans Strategy Clock Bowman created his Strategy Clock in The Essence of Competitive Strategy book. With this strategic model he illustrates companys competitive position in comparison with their rivals. For him the real advantage of companies being achieved cost and differentiation. His strategy clock has 8 options. First two options are about the low price. First option is totally low cost low added value but the second option totally about to be a cost leader without caring its value. Second option has the risk of price war and low margin. Third option is a hybrid option. Mainly the low cost but not the lowest price. The most important difference between second and the third option is in third option reinvestment in differentiation. Fourth option is about differentiation. For option five the biggest difference is the differentiation is highly focused. It perceived added value to a particular segment warranting a premium price. Rests of the options are failure options. At option six the p rice is increased but the value is standard. Option seven is worse than option six. In option seven you can see increased price with low values. It is only feasible in monopoly situation. Last option is option 8, which is the cause loss of market share. Because your low value has a standard price. Ryanair had dramatic changes during last decade period time and this was flabbergasted its competitors. Their profitability rose within a short period of time. Their low-fares strategy without frills and punctuality in flight service helped their high profitability period and it brought a significant value on the growth. The high level competition needs efficient strategy to gain advantages and at the same time high profit. In different times we can put Ryanairs strategy in different options in Bowmans Strategy Clock. But all of them can be placed between options 1 to 5. Their strategy never placed in failure part of Bowmans clock. Mainly, in these days Ryanair place in the clock is between options 1-2, which is mainly about low price. We can easily realize Ryanair is the best example for this option. If they can secure their price and gives higher valued service they can easily take a place option three and they will be strongest company in the competition. In my opinion, hybrid strategy is the most preferable strategy in the clock that is why Virgin Airlines prefer this option. If Ryanair updates their lowest price strategy with a standard service they easily will be the strongest company in the competition. 3.0 SWOT Analysis: Strengths Ryanair has been known as Europes first low-cost, no-frills airline brand.This fact alone credits is the companys strongest selling point. Ryanair started in year 1985 with only 57 staff members and with one 15-seater turboprop plane from the south of east of Ireland to London-Gatwick which carried 5000 passengers on one route. In 1986, inspired from the story of David and Goliath the company go after the big guys for a slice of the action and end up smashing the Aer Lingus or British Airways high fare cartel on the Dublin-London route. From therein, Ryanairs lower fares offering increased their market share rapidly resulting to the establishment of low-cost subsidiaries of established airline companies such as British Airlines and KLM. The low-cost, no-frills strategy resulted to a rapid increase of customers and expansion of their operations, wherein the staff increased from mere 57 to 3, 400 staff members and almost 35 million passengers. In terms of operations, the EU air tr ansport deregulation allowed the airline for the first time to open up new routes to Continental Europe with over 3 million passengers on 18 routes carried in 1997. Ryanair also launched services to Stockholm, Oslo, Paris and Brussels and took time out to float Ryanair Holdings plc on Dublin and NASDAQ Stock exchanges. The company was awarded as Airline of the Year in 1999 by the Irish Air Transport Users Committee. In 2001, while almost all traditional airline companies suffered from losses and stiff competition, Ryanair, being a low-cost airline became more than merely profitable by recording 26 percent in operating margins results that the former only dreams about. In June of the following year, Ryanair made a market capitalization amounting to 4.9 billion euro ($4.82 billion), breaking the records of 45 percent more than the mighty British Airways that has 20 times larger in terms of revenue. Ryanair possesses the sophisticated and able technology that can cater to the fa st changing global marketing management trends. It has core competence in its use of information technology that can support its management and marketing operations. Thus, adding to its innovations in service providing among the wide range of clientele. Its IT supports competent procurement of services (e.g. bookings and ticketing) in e-marketing or online aspect. After establishing its website in January 2000, it became one of the busiest sites in the country with 14 million impressions a month. The booking in their web accounts have increased to 94% which has probably has something to do with opening another 26 routes. In year 2003, the company is characterized by rapid expansion and the start the year by announcing that the company has ordered an additional 100 new Boeing 737-800 series aircraft to facilitate the rapid European growth plans. The company is named as the most popular airline on the web in 2004 by Google. The company has also passed out British Airways to become the UKs favorite airline in United Kingdom and throughout Europe. In sum, Ryanairs strengths rest on the companys commitment to low fares, deep-seated management, and willingness to address managerial challenges and marketing trends (e.g. competition, expansion, and IT solutions). Weaknesses Despite of the increase of passengers, the company is not so good in managing cost that the company has lose its money. At the moment, there have been urgent and deliberate mechanisms that were implemented to address such weakness. Such cost reduction strategy relies on five main aspects like fleet commonality, contracting out services, airport charges and route policies, managed staff costs and productivity and managed marketing costs. Ryanair, in spite of its strategies has other problems that serve as weaknesses too. One of the problems is in terms of handling customers or target market. Reports say that Ryanair accumulates hidden taxes and other fees, restricted customer services, and deceiving advertisements. In addition, another problem is assuring quality service. According to the result of poll conducted by BBC involving air travelers in 2003, 56 percent of respondents claimed that the airline caused them the biggest headaches in terms of services and customers. Also, in 20 07 Irelands Commission for Aviation Regulation recorded a total of 60 percent of all complaints accumulated by the commission. There has been significant number of bad publicity for the company, thus, creating a negative impression to the airline brand. The company is faced with different unsolved issues because of lack of strategic decision making in several areas of human resources particularly in relation to trade union policies. Opportunities With the management system of the company and the strengths that it has, Ryanair has bigger opportunities to still dominate and catch up with the competition in the European airline industry in terms of providing more quality service standard and at the same time preserving it low-cost no-frills strategy to its clients or even have an opportunity to be the number one airline company in the whole region after its eventual application of its proposed plans in the future. Another opportunity that can be attached to the company is it would gain more customers if they would be able to determine the latest trends in airline management and marketing to meet the demands of their target market. The continuous initiatives of the company in diversification of its revenue resources also open new opportunities to make the business become stronger to outgrow all its rival companies. Such opportunities will include e-business development by strategic alliances as well as suppliers, leveraging the companys investment in the World Class Customer Satisfaction Systems, and other business opportunities in both non-core and core areas. Threats Operating in the most competitive marketplace especially European airline industry, Ryanair is faced with the inevitable threat of stiff competition. For a company to succeed in global competition there is a continuous plan to develop new products with higher quality than its competitors. New product and new business development must be highly effective and efficient, however that alone will not ensure its competitiveness. The expansion of its operations to other areas means adjusting to the trade policies and political problems of the locality. The dynamic needs and demands of customers served to be a challenge to the management. Furthermore, consumer behaviour and satisfaction with regards to the product/service procurement is also a risk. If the company will continue to be a vertically integrated corporation, the company may fail in terms of management ability. The division of the company may tend to have internal complexity. Additionally, fast paced technological advancement ma y be a threat to Ryanair as a whole. In terms of the competitors, the company should be able to provide unique and more technologically advanced services to be able to survive in the competition in the world airline industry. Future Strategy and Recommendations Mergers and Acquisitions Mergers and acquisitions have become one of the most important corporate-level strategies in the new millennium. Merger and acquisition strategies are important to firm growth and success in the 21st century. As Ryanair continues to grow it is expected that the company will acquire other companies such as Buzz, in order to improve its capabilities and acquire more competitive advantage. Strategic Human Resource Management Ryanair, in its commitment to low-cost airfare have sacrificed its processes and services. The human resources of the company are not seen as a potential source of competitive advantage. The company do not seem to value its people. There is a growing belief that a companys human resources is the most important source of competitive advantage. Human resources or the companys people are one source of sustainable competitive advantage. In a fast-changing environment where technological innovations and other strategies can be copied, it is the human resources that bring a sustainable competitive advantage. Marketing Plan Strategies Ryanair should has a detailed plan for its strategic moves in the market and be able to provide good customer services to the customers like by having discounted flights and value promotion to keep the competitive advantage at a stable mode within its competitors and will need to focus more on the core competencies that allow Ryanair to practically and wisely designs suitable airline operations within the bracket of their marketing network services in a market standard-based perspective. Ryanair need to be goal oriented and must not stop to rejuvenate and change their marketing plan strategies from time to time in order to re-invent the performance process upon the upgrading of rules and regulations mandated by the state. Ryanair is to overcome the lack of product differentiation and increase it that will have the ability to revive revenue generation. Operational Effectiveness It is then recommended that Ryanair should outsources as many non-core functions as possible that may abandon peripheral services such as catering or ground handling services and can be required to perform such activities as external specialist companies defined to be independent profit centers. Recommendation Based on above analysis, it is recommended that Ryanair consider the expansion in to haul markets specially the transatlantic routes which accounts for more than 60% of worlds air travel. By moving in to this new market with its low fare strategy coupled with added service options the company can utilize its existing business with introducing complementary goods and services via its web site its also recommended as this will allow the company to further reduce its cost base per unit of customer.

My Personal Philosophy of Education - 958 Words

My Personal Philosophy of Education It is customary that on New Year’s Eve, we make New Year resolution. The fact is that we are making a set of guideline that we want to live by. These are motives that we seek to achieve. In a similar way, teachers live by philosophy. This essay focuses on my personal philosophy of education. It unfolds the function of philosophy in a teacher’s life, my view on the purpose of education, the student teacher- relationship and the philosophy which influences my views expressed. All of these beliefs make up my personal philosophy of education. A teacher’s philosophy is a set of convictions that is held regarding his or her values, actions and knowledge. It entails personal perceptions of life. These†¦show more content†¦They should allow students to share experiences and insights as well as ask question. Their search for knowledge is met as their questions are answered. In the eyes of a student, the teacher should be everything that he or she aspires to be. Henry Adams stated that a teacher affects eternity as you never can tell where their influence stops. Students should be enthused about learning and must be willing to work in collaboration with teacher in a mutually beneficial relationship, with respect for each other. When all of these objectives are met then the teacher student relationship becomes a friendship that is focused on the maturation of the student emotionally, intellectually and socially. The student can therefore reach his or her full potential. My personal philosophy of education is based on my personal experiences and that of the pragmatic philosophy. I formulated my view based on the curriculum, the purpose of education and the student-teacher relationship. The epistemology branch of pragmatism stresses action over doctrine, experience over fixed principles states. My educational philosophy states that; teachers are facilitators of learning, students are responsible for embracing the knowledge they obtain to life situations by merging the disciplines of the pragmatic curriculum. I believe that teaching methods should be focused on problem solving, experimentation and group project. The pragmatist philosophy of education is one thatShow MoreRelatedMy Personal Philosophy Of Education997 Words   |  4 Pages Philosophy of Education Discovering the place where personal values and expertise meet organizational values and needs offers a dynamic partnership opportunity. Mutual achievement of organizational academic quality and professional fulfillment provides a positive learning environment. Developing a personal philosophy of education enables an educator to understand and communicate the underlying basis for his or her approach to education. Sharing this philosophy provides valuable information forRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Education1476 Words   |  6 Pages871 Foundations of Higher Education Summer 2015 Instructor: Joel Abaya, PhD Personal Philosophy of Education Submitted by: Wessam Elamawy . Personal Philosophy of Education Introduction: From the very beginning of my life I recognized the importance of higher education. I am 34 years old. I am Egyptian. I was born in a highly educated family . My father earned a Ph.D. in chemistry. My uncle earned a Ph.D. in Engineering . My aunt is a doctor. My grandparents were highly educatedRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Education1443 Words   |  6 PagesThese beliefs of education are known as the philosophy of education. The philosophy of education is defined as the influences of what is taught and how the students will be taught. Throughout my study in my education class and past experiences, my mind was expanded and I acquired sufficient knowledge to develop my own concept of my personal philosophy of education. First, I will clarify the reasons why I choose the profession of being an educator. The first reason has been my parents influenceRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Education1335 Words   |  6 Pagesteaching style in the â€Å"Finding Your Philosophy of Education Quiz.† While I enjoyed learning about the different philosophies and psychological influences of teaching, I prefer constructivism, social reconstruction, and progressivism due to their student-centered learning, hands-on or project based learning style, while making efforts to improve the world around them. I will be discussing why I chose progressivism, social reconstruction, and constructivism as my preferences, as well as the role ofRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Education966 Words   |  4 Pages Personal Philosophy of Education Allyson C. Taylor EDUC 542 Dr. M. Derrick Regent University The definition of curriculum can be as mysterious as the curriculum itself. Oliva (2013) described the hunt for the curriculum as being similar to â€Å"efforts to track down Bigfoot, the Bear Lake Monster, [and] the Florida Everglades Skunk Ape †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pg. 2). All of these elusive beings have left tracks, yet there isn’t a single photograph to prove their existence—just likeRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Education873 Words   |  4 Pagesis a meaningful education? Throughout time many philosopher and educators have pondered on this question, leading to the development of theories and concepts that are present in the classroom today. In my personal experience, an educator philosophy is built over a course of time which is based on their knowledge and experience. An educator belief system is like a river, it changes and matures throughout its course, bending and changing as it progresses. Throughout the course of my educational careerRead MoreMy Personal P hilosophy Of Education878 Words   |  4 PagesPersonal Philosophy of Education After taking the Educational Philosophies Self-Assessment test, I was able to figure out my referencing scores for my ideal logical instructional principles believed rational of the classification of educational archetypes. The areas of greatest influence in my philosophy of education included Humanism with a total of 21 points, Perennialism and Existentialism with 18 total points in those areas. Essentialism was second with 16 points and Reconstructionism recordRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Education1152 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction My personal philosophy of education relies on the fundamental belief that every individual has inherent value, therefore designating education as an environment where students may grow in their self-worth through academic and relational support. Thus, the purpose of education is to provide individuals with the opportunity to learn about both content and about self, growing in their identity. Within this personal philosophy of education, I will further detail the aim of education, the roleRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Education978 Words   |  4 PagesEducation is undoubtedly the most important aspect of a person’s life. It is education that shapes our prospective and creates independent thinkers. It is the foundation of an individual’s future. It is education that pushes us forward in the direction of self-expression because we are equipped with basic skills and the knowledge of how to think for ourselves. Above all, we are our interests; everything we accomplishe d is the result of our passion. My goal is to be the driving force that helps myRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Education938 Words   |  4 PagesPHILOSOPHY ESSAY 2 I remember my history teacher. He would often chat with me in German before or after class; sometimes helping explain certain nuances of the language. However, I can’t tell you what information we covered that year, let alone if it was American History, or Ancient History. Can you remember anything specific from your history class in high school? My hope is that if

Timing Is Everything Essay Research Paper Timing free essay sample

Timing Is Everything Essay, Research Paper Timing is Everything Why the South lost the civil war, is an issue that will be debated from now until Americans lose the right of free address. This author agrees with the theory James M. McPherson supports. From the oncoming of the war, it was merely a affair of clip before the South would be forced to profess. The length of clip that the Confederate provinces managed to keep out was rather singular sing the inauspicious odds they were up against. The Confederacy fought for its constitutional right to ain belongings ; specifically slaves. Slavery had been a portion of southern life and civilization since the first Dutch ship transporting slaves from West Africa landed on the southeasterly seashore of the so British settlements. It is non likely that a war would do Southerners to experience guilty about something that has been their being for over two hundred old ages. We will write a custom essay sample on Timing Is Everything Essay Research Paper Timing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page After the war and the slaves had been freed, but they were non equal. Southern provinces passed Torahs called black codifications that took away the civil rights of inkinesss. Southerners felt so guilty about bondage, that they decided to do free life for inkinesss every bit suffering as possible. In add-on province authoritiess passed statute law to do the current state of affairs of inkinesss as similar to slavery as though could. The curious establishment of bondage had supported the substructure of the southern economic system since plantation proprietors realized apprenticed retainers did non work like it was supposed to. Without the free labour of slaves, what would go on to the harvests that needed to be gathered? Would the plantation proprietors pick the cotton? That is non really likely. Therefore, if the civil war was genuinely a rich adult male s war, and a hapless adult male s battle, the plantation proprietors who are non on the battlegrounds would non experience guilty about this establishment that has given them so much. The southern provinces were the lone western states ( Europe and North America ) to still be practising bondage. However, the supposed external force per unit area from Europe was a fa fruit drink to get rid of bondage. There is no ground for European states to desire the South to extinguish bondage. Slavery lowered the monetary value of imported cotton. With no labourers to pay the sale monetary values can be lower. Slavery benefited European commercialism. Ethical motives are a great thing to hold and are righteous, but they are non the drive factors behind authoritiess. Money and power are the two forces that the commercial universe revolves around. It s a simple fact about life, and in this instance war, that success strains assurance. At the start of the war, the southern generals, Beauregard, Lee, the two J. e. johnstons, and Jackson, outclassed the northern generals, who had non yet worked their manner through the ranks and acquired leading places. Therefore, the early conflicts of the war were Confederate triumphs particularly in the East, which sent southern moral surging. Union leaders thought they would process down to Richmond, take the capital and stop the war. This did no T happen. The ab initio awkward northern generals were neither conditioned nor able to nail he arise originating. The Confederate triumph at Bull Run, among other early Confederate triumphs, put an terminal to northern certitude. The kernel of this theory is that four major turning points on the battleground and in the political sphere determined the result of the war. The first turning point came in the summer of 1862. Southern counteroffensives in Virginia led by Lee and Jackson, and in the West seized the impulse from the North and created the potency for a Confederate triumph. The following turning point came in the autumn of 62. Two conflicts fought at this point, Antietam and Perryville had of import effects on the result of the war. The triumphs threw back Confederate invasions, stalled European mediation and acknowledgment of the Confederacy, prevented a Democratic triumph in the northern elections, which might hold inhibited the authorities s ability to transport on the war, and set the phase for the Emancipation Proclamation. The 3rd and most critical point came in the summer and autumn of 63. Victories at Vicksburg and Gettysburg within a few yearss of each other finally turned the tide toward northern triumph. The triumph at Vicksburg gave the Union complete control of the Mississippi River, a critical portion of the Anaconda Plan. This cut the southern provinces off from their nutrient supplies in Texas and other countries west of the Mississippi. Gettysburg was the turning point in the war. It was the largest ground forces Lee would of all time hold, and it was the farthest North he would of all time acquire with a significant sum of military personnels. Lee had every opportunity to win the conflict but made an uncharacteristic error on the first twenty-four hours of the conflict by burying to take the high land. In add-on, seldom was insubordination seen in the Confederate ranks, but a dominating officer named Ewell blatantly ignored Lee s orders and was a conducive factor to the loss. After his lick ing, Lee was on the defensive until eventually give uping at Appomatox. The south s last opportunity at triumph came in the summer of 64. The enormous figure of casualties and deficiency of advancement in Virginia about brought the North to peace dialogues and the election of a Democratic president who would stop the war. Sherman s entire war run against Georgia, his March to Atlanta and eventual gaining control of the metropolis devastated the countryside and lesson of the people. The gaining control of Atlanta clinched a triumph for Lincoln in the approaching election and merely so did it go possible to talk of the north s inevitable triumph. The South lost the will to contend when it realized it could no longer win the war. The Confederate military runs, which in the early portion of the war had inspired its civilians and military work forces likewise, now brought uncertainty and a deficiency of assurance. The timely success of the Union, guaranteed triumph and completion of the war. Merely so did the South experience an unretrievable loss of the will to fight. # 8221 ;

Colonialization In Africa Essay Example For Students

Colonialization In Africa Essay Each country in the entire world has experienced a great deal of change whether it be Religion, beliefs, food, or education. You may think that just because you live in the United States that every state has evolved the same, well not really at all the East coast was all founded years before the West and just like America other countries follow a similar pattern like Africa. There are so many different African countries that all have such different pasts and different stories. Even back when the countries were being inhabited or colonized, they were so similar being in the Sahara, yet so different in. So if all these places are so close yet so different does it change the atmosphere , or how does the colonialization of Northern, Southern, Western, and Eastern Africa change the face of the continent? Well here are some examples of four completely different African countries; Tunisia (north), Malawi (south), Djibouti (east), Sierra Leone (west). You will be amazed with all the differen t histories and cultures each individual country has. Tunisia, a small beautiful country that sits at the top of the African coast was taken over by the French after they found interest in Tunisias great location. The French signed the Bardo Treaty, which acknowledged Tunisia as a French protectorate. In the late 1880s a group of French settlers colonized the region along the northern coast. The settlers exerted a Western influence on the hitherto Arab culture. Tunisia has changed drastically from the colonization days they have enhanced into a culture that cares deeply about education, and the well being of all people. Tunisias main language is Arabic, yet French and English are widely spoken all over the country. Islam is the main religion, but there are also roman Catholics most of whom are French. Education is widely important and encouraged. The literacy rate is relatively high 40% higher then the other north African countries. The Government controls all of the school through its ministry of national education. The government has changed the most of all these, in the nineteenth century Tunisia gained its independence, and Tunisia elected its first legislature, and dethroned Tunisias traditional monarch. So how does Tunisia compare to the rest of Africa much better the southern parts o Africa?On the southern tip of the continent of Africa sits a small country called Malawi. Malawi was first inhabited by South Africans that migrated after Shaka the Zulu leader was taking over lands, and people of south Africa. Soon after that a Scottish missionary and explorer named David Livingstone brought Malawi to life. After that The British soon took over. Malawi has also evolved since then, the population there now reaches over 7.7 million, 99% of them being African, and 90% of Malawians still live in very rural areas. Throughout the country the population is spread out very unevenly and more the half the population lives in the southern regions. The life expectancy is 45 years old, Malawi has not changed much in the wa ys of health, and the healthcare provided. 157 out of 1000 births die, and if the children are lucky enough to survive 30%-50% die by the age of 5. Another huge cause of death is AIDS (acute immune deficiency syndrome) This is because the Malawian government paid less than 1% of its budget to health care programs and awareness. by 1989 2500 cases of AIDS was brought to life but doctors believe that at there are at least 5 million cases not reported. Moving on to the eastern part of the continent lets see how they differ. .u08619a810e01d801e47f22688a7d66fe , .u08619a810e01d801e47f22688a7d66fe .postImageUrl , .u08619a810e01d801e47f22688a7d66fe .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u08619a810e01d801e47f22688a7d66fe , .u08619a810e01d801e47f22688a7d66fe:hover , .u08619a810e01d801e47f22688a7d66fe:visited , .u08619a810e01d801e47f22688a7d66fe:active { border:0!important; } .u08619a810e01d801e47f22688a7d66fe .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u08619a810e01d801e47f22688a7d66fe { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u08619a810e01d801e47f22688a7d66fe:active , .u08619a810e01d801e47f22688a7d66fe:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u08619a810e01d801e47f22688a7d66fe .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u08619a810e01d801e47f22688a7d66fe .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u08619a810e01d801e47f22688a7d66fe .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u08619a810e01d801e47f22688a7d66fe .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u08619a810e01d801e47f22688a7d66fe:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u08619a810e01d801e47f22688a7d66fe .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u08619a810e01d801e47f22688a7d66fe .u08619a810e01d801e47f22688a7d66fe-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u08619a810e01d801e47f22688a7d66fe:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Tituba and Sarah's Humour EssayDjibouti, a tiny country that rest on the very tip of the African horn. When Djibouti was founded it was named The French territory of Afaras and Issas. Which came from the two tribes that live between the borders. Both Issas and Afaras are Muslim. For some residence tribal customs are more important then religious matters. Muslim religion has had a huge effect on Djiboutis educational system. When Djibouti became a French colony several catholic mission schools were opened. About 50 years ago a public school system opened with many teachers most of whom were French. Although most parents were afraid to send there children to school in fear t hat it would weaken there religious back ground, they would send there children to religious schools before real school and so most students would enter the first grade at age 12 or 13. Knowing that Djibouti is serious about education it is surprising to know that 90% of the population does not know how to read or write. So how does the last section of the continent compare to the others?Sierra Leone a western country that was founded by the Portuguese in 1482. 6% of the people are Christian, and 28% are Muslim, and a large number of the other people stick to old African beliefs, faiths and practices. Yet they all believe in one supreme God, is way out there and is extremely to busy to be occupied with the daily affairs of the people down here on earth. The African prayers ae generally for good health , good crops and good hunting, and they mention their innocence of any intentional evil. They have sacrifices of generally chicken and goats and after they sacrifice them they eat it. The sacrifices are meant to rid the people of any evil and to hold them a spot in the larger kingdom above. As you can see all these different places have such different traditions and pasts, yet they do have theyre similarities also, such as most of them being founded by the French. This world is a huge place and in Africa the colonialization of all the different countries changed, by bringing in more religions and better education, and better independent governments leaving these small countries free from persecution. European History Essays